UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Sudan Tier 3 Sudan is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children who are subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking. Sudanese women and girls, particularly those from rural areas or who are internally displaced, are vulnerable to forced labor as domestic workers in homes throughout the country; most are believed to be working without contracts or government-enforced labor protections.
Some of these women and girls are subsequently sexually abused by male occupants of the household or forced to engage in commercial sex acts. Sudanese girls engage in prostitution within the country — including in restaurants and brothels — at times with the assistance of third parties, including law enforcement officials.
Khartoum, Juba, Nyala, and Port Sudan have reportedly seen a significant rise in child prostitution in recent years, as well as in numbers of street children and child laborers — two groups which are highly vulnerable to labor and sexual exploitation. Sudanese women and girls are subjected to domestic servitude in Middle Eastern countries, such as Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar, and to forced sex trafficking in European countries.
Some Sudanese men who voluntarily migrate to the Middle East as low-skilled laborers face conditions indicative of forced labor. Sudanese children transit Yemen en route to Saudi Arabia, where they are used in forced begging and street vending, and reportedly work in exploitative labor situations for Sudanese traders in the Central African Republic.
Sudanese gang members reportedly coerce other young Sudanese refugees into prostitution in nightclubs in Egypt. Sudanese refugees in Israel reported being brutalized by Rashaida smugglers operating in the Sinai, including being chained together, whipped and beaten regularly, deprived of food, and forced to do construction work at gunpoint at smugglers' personal homes.
